Magalimoto amagetsi tsopano ndi ofala m'misewu yathu, ndipo zomangamanga zolipiritsa zikumangidwa padziko lonse lapansi kuti ziwathandize. Ndizofanana ndi magetsi pa malo opangira mafuta, ndipo posachedwa, adzakhala paliponse.
Komabe, zimadzutsa funso lochititsa chidwi.Mapampu a mpweya amangotsanulira madzi m'mabowo ndipo akhala akukhazikika kwa nthawi yaitali.Sizili choncho m'dziko la ma charger a EV, kotero tiyeni tifufuze momwe masewerawa alili panopa.
Ukadaulo wamagalimoto amagetsi wakula mwachangu kuyambira pomwe idakhala yodziwika bwino m'zaka khumi zapitazi.Popeza magalimoto ambiri amagetsi akadali ndi malire ochepa, opanga magalimoto apanga magalimoto othamangitsa mwachangu m'zaka zapitazi kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito.Izi zimatheka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa batri, controller hardware ndi software.Tekinoloje yolipira yapita patsogolo mpaka pomwe magalimoto amagetsi aposachedwa amatha kuwonjezera ma kilomita mazana a 20 mphindi zochepa chabe.
Komabe, kuyendetsa galimoto yamagetsi pa liwiro ili kumafuna magetsi ambiri.Chotsatira chake, opanga magalimoto ndi magulu a mafakitale akhala akugwira ntchito kuti akhazikitse miyezo yatsopano yobweretsera kuti apereke zamakono zamakono ku mabatire apamwamba a galimoto mwamsanga.
Monga chiwongolero, malo ogulitsa kunyumba ku US amatha kutulutsa 1.8 kW. Zimatenga maola 48 kapena kuposerapo kuti mulipiritse galimoto yamakono yamagetsi kuchokera kumalo osungiramo nyumba ngati amenewa.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, madoko amakono a EV amatha kunyamula chilichonse kuchokera ku 2 kW mpaka 350 kW nthawi zina, ndipo amafuna ogwirizanitsa apadera kwambiri kuti achite.Miyezo yosiyanasiyana yatulukira kwa zaka zambiri pamene opanga magalimoto akuyang'ana kulowetsa mphamvu zambiri m'magalimoto mofulumira kwambiri.
Muyezo wa SAE J1772 unasindikizidwa mu June 2001 ndipo umatchedwanso J Plug. Chojambulira cha 5-pin chimathandizira gawo limodzi la AC kulipira pa 1.44 kW pamene chikugwirizana ndi magetsi amtundu wapanyumba, omwe amatha kuwonjezeredwa ku 19.2 kW pamene aikidwa pa galimoto yothamanga kwambiri yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi amagetsi amagetsi amagetsi amagetsi amtundu wa AC. pa mawaya ena awiri, ndipo chachisanu ndi kugwirizana kwa dziko lapansi.
Pambuyo pa 2006, J Plug inakhala yovomerezeka kwa magalimoto onse amagetsi ogulitsidwa ku California ndipo mwamsanga anadziwika ku US ndi Japan, ndikulowa m'misika ina yapadziko lonse.
Cholumikizira cha Type 2, chomwe chimadziwikanso ndi mlengi wake, wopanga ku Germany Mennekes, adakonzedwa koyamba mu 2009 kuti alowe m'malo mwa EU SAE J1772. Mbali yake yayikulu ndi kapangidwe kake kolumikizira mapini 7 omwe amatha kunyamula mphamvu ya gawo limodzi kapena magawo atatu a AC, kulola kuti azilipiritsa magalimoto mpaka 43 kW. J1772, ilinso ndi zikhomo ziwiri zowonetsera zisanayambe kulowetsa ndi kulowetsamo.Kenako imakhala ndi dziko lapansi lotetezera, lopanda ndale komanso atatu oyendetsa magawo atatu a AC.
Mu 2013, European Union inasankha mapulagi a Type 2 monga muyezo watsopano woti alowe m'malo mwa J1772 ndi zolumikizira zodzichepetsa za EV Plug Alliance Type 3A ndi 3C za mapulogalamu a AC.
CCS imayimira Combined Charging System ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito chojambulira cha "combo" kuti ilole zonse ziwiri za DC ndi AC kulipira. Yotulutsidwa mu October 2011, muyezo wapangidwa kuti ulole kukhazikitsidwa kosavuta kwa kuthamanga kwapamwamba kwa DC kumagalimoto atsopano.Izi zikhoza kutheka powonjezera ma conductor a DC ku mtundu wa cholumikizira cha AC.
Combo 1 ili ndi cholumikizira cha Type 1 J1772 AC ndi ma conductor awiri akuluakulu a DC. Chifukwa chake, galimoto yokhala ndi cholumikizira cha CCS Combo 1 imatha kulumikizidwa ndi charger ya J1772 ya AC yolipiritsa, kapena cholumikizira cha Combo 1 chothamangitsa mwachangu kwambiri.
Zolumikizira za Combo 2 zimakhala ndi cholumikizira cha Mennekes cholumikizidwa ndi ma conductor awiri akulu a DC.Kwa msika waku Europe, izi zimalola magalimoto okhala ndi ma soketi a Combo 2 kuti azilipiritsa pagawo limodzi kapena atatu a AC kudzera pa cholumikizira cha Type 2, kapena kuthamangitsa DC mwachangu polumikizana ndi cholumikizira cha Combo 2.
CCS imalola AC kulipira ku muyezo wa J1772 kapena Mennekes sub-connector yomangidwa mu mapangidwe.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti chojambulira chofulumira cha DC chokhala ndi cholumikizira cha Combo 2 chimathetsa kugwirizana kwa gawo la AC ndi kusalowerera ndale mu cholumikizira monga momwe sichikufunikira.Cholumikizira cha Combo 1 chimawasiya m'malo, ngakhale kuti sichikugwiritsidwa ntchito.Zojambula zonsezi zimadalira zikhomo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi cholumikizira cha AC kuti alankhule pakati pa galimoto ndi chojambulira.
Monga imodzi mwa makampani ochita upainiya mu malo oyendetsa galimoto yamagetsi, Tesla adakonzekera kupanga zolumikizira zake zolipiritsa kuti akwaniritse zosowa za magalimoto ake.Izi zidakhazikitsidwa ngati gawo la network ya Tesla's Supercharger, yomwe cholinga chake ndi kupanga makina othamangitsa mwachangu kuti athandizire magalimoto akampani popanda zida zina.
Ngakhale kuti kampaniyo imapanga magalimoto ake ndi zolumikizira za Type 2 kapena CCS ku Europe, ku US, Tesla amagwiritsa ntchito doko lake lolipiritsa.
Malo oyambira a Tesla a Supercharger adapereka mpaka ma kilowatts 150 pagalimoto imodzi, koma pambuyo pake zitsanzo zamphamvu zotsika zamatauni zinali ndi malire otsika a kilowatts 72. Ma charger aposachedwa a kampaniyo amatha kupereka mphamvu zokwana 250 kW kugalimoto zokhala ndi zida zoyenera.
Muyezo wa GB/T 20234.3 unaperekedwa ndi Standardization Administration of China ndipo umakwirira zolumikizira zomwe zimatha kuthamangitsa mwachangu gawo limodzi la AC ndi DC. Zosadziwika bwino kunja kwa msika wapadera wa EV waku China, zimavotera kuti zizigwira ntchito mpaka 1,000 volts DC ndi 250 amps ndikulipiritsa pa liwiro la kilowatts 250.
Simungathe kupeza dokoli pagalimoto yosapangidwa ku China, yopangidwira msika waku China kapena mayiko omwe amalumikizana nawo kwambiri.
Mwinamwake mapangidwe okondweretsa kwambiri a dokoli ndi A + ndi A- pini. Iwo amavotera ma voltages mpaka 30 V ndi mafunde mpaka 20 A. Iwo akufotokozedwa mu muyezo monga "otsika-voltage mphamvu yothandiza kwa magalimoto magetsi operekedwa ndi ma charger off-board".
Sizikudziwika bwino kuchokera kumasuliridwe kuti ntchito yawo yeniyeni ndi yotani, koma ikhoza kupangidwa kuti ithandize kuyambitsa galimoto yamagetsi ndi batri yakufa kwathunthu. Pamene batire ya EV ya traction ndi 12V yatha, zimakhala zovuta kulipira galimoto chifukwa magetsi a galimoto sangathe kudzuka ndi kuyankhulana ndi charger. mphamvu yoyendetsa magetsi oyendetsa galimoto ndi mphamvu zolumikizirana kuti batire yaikulu ya traction iperekedwe ngakhale galimotoyo itafa kwathunthu.Ngati mukudziwa zambiri za izi, omasuka kutidziwitsa mu ndemanga.
CHAdeMO ndi cholumikizira cholumikizira cha EVs, makamaka pazifukwa zothamangitsa mwachangu.Imatha kufikitsa ku 62.5 kW kudzera pa cholumikizira chake chapadera.Iyi ndiyo muyezo woyamba wopangidwa kuti upereke DC kuthamangitsa mwachangu magalimoto amagetsi (mosasamala kanthu za wopanga) ndipo ili ndi zikhomo za basi za CAN zolumikizirana pakati pa galimoto ndi chojambulira.
Muyezo udapangidwa kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchito padziko lonse lapansi mu 2010 mothandizidwa ndi opanga ma automaker aku Japan. Komabe, muyezo wangogwira ku Japan, ndi Europe kumamatira ndi Type 2 ndi US kugwiritsa ntchito J1772 ndi zolumikizira zomwe Tesla.
Kupititsa patsogolo kogwirizana ndi kumbuyo kunalengezedwa mu May 2018, zomwe zidzalola ma charger a CHAdeMO kuti apereke mphamvu zokwana 400 kW, kupitirira ngakhale zolumikizira za CCS m'munda.Otsutsa a CHAdeMO amawona kuti chikhalidwe chake ndi chikhalidwe chimodzi chapadziko lonse kusiyana ndi kusiyana pakati pa US ndi EU CCS miyezo.
Muyezo wa CHAdeMo 3.0 wakhala ukukulirakulira kuyambira 2018. Umatchedwa ChaoJi ndipo uli ndi kamangidwe katsopano ka cholumikizira mapini 7 opangidwa mogwirizana ndi China Standardization Administration. Ikuyembekeza kuonjezera mtengo wolipiritsa mpaka 900 kW, kugwira ntchito pa 1.5 kV, ndikupereka ma amps 600 onse pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zoziziritsidwa ndi madzi.
Pamene mukuwerenga izi, mukhoza kukhululukidwa chifukwa choganiza kuti mosasamala kanthu komwe mukuyendetsa galimoto yanu yatsopano ya EV, pali mitundu yambiri yolipiritsa yomwe ili yokonzeka kukupatsani mutu. netiweki yodzipatulira yolipira.
Ngakhale kuti pali anthu ena omwe amagwiritsa ntchito chojambulira cholakwika pamalo olakwika pa nthawi yolakwika, nthawi zambiri amatha kugwiritsa ntchito adaputala yamtundu wina kumene akufunikira.Kupita patsogolo, ma EV atsopano ambiri amamatira ku mtundu wa ma charger omwe amakhazikitsidwa m'madera awo ogulitsa, kupanga moyo wosavuta kwa aliyense.
Tsopano mulingo wapadziko lonse lapansi wolipiritsa ndi USB-C
.Chilichonse chiyenera kulipiritsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito USB-C, palibe kuchotserapo.Ndikuwona pulagi ya 100KW EV, yomwe yangokhala ma 1000 USB C zolumikizira zong'ambika mu pulagi yomwe ikuyenda molumikizana.
Ma PHEV ambiri ndi magalimoto amagetsi ali ndi mphamvu yokoka mpaka mapaundi a 1000, kotero mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ngolo kuti munyamule mzere wanu wa adapters ndi converters.Peavey Mart akugulitsanso gennys sabata ino ngati pali mazana angapo a GVWRs osasiya.
Ku Ulaya, ndemanga za Type 1 (SAE J1772) ndi CHAdeMO zimanyalanyaza mfundo yakuti Nissan LEAF ndi Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV, magalimoto awiri ogulitsidwa kwambiri amagetsi, ali ndi zolumikizira izi.
Zolumikizira izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndipo sizikuchoka.Pamene Mtundu wa 1 ndi Mtundu wa 2 umagwirizana pa mlingo wa chizindikiro (kulola kuti mtundu wa 2 uwonongeke ku mtundu wa 1 chingwe), CHAdeMO ndi CCS sizili.LEAF ilibe njira yeniyeni yolipiritsa kuchokera ku CCS.
Ngati chojambulira chofulumira sichilinso CHAdeMO, ndingaganizire mozama kubwerera ku galimoto ya ICE kwa ulendo wautali ndikusunga LEAF yanga kuti ndigwiritse ntchito kwanuko kokha.
Ndili ndi Outlander PHEV.Ndagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a DC fast charge kangapo, kuti ndiyesere ndikakhala ndi mtengo waulere. Zedi, imatha kulipiritsa batire ku 80% mu mphindi 20, koma izi ziyenera kukupatsani ma EV osiyanasiyana pafupifupi ma kilomita 20.
Ma charger ambiri a DC ndi athyathyathya, kotero mutha kulipira pafupifupi ka 100 bilu yanu yamagetsi yanthawi zonse pa mtunda wa makilomita 20, zomwe ndi zochuluka kwambiri kuposa ngati mukuyendetsa pa petulo nokha.Chaja cha mphindi imodzi sichabwinonso, chifukwa chimangokhala 22 kW.
Ndimakonda Outlander wanga chifukwa mawonekedwe a EV amandifikitsa paulendo wanga wonse, koma chojambulira cha DC mwachangu ndichothandiza ngati nsonga yachitatu yamunthu.
Cholumikizira cha CHAdeMO chikuyenera kukhala chofanana pamasamba onse (tsamba?), koma musavutike ndi Outlanders.
Tesla amagulitsanso ma adapter omwe amalola Tesla kugwiritsa ntchito J1772 (ndithudi) ndi CHAdeMO (zodabwitsa kwambiri). Pambuyo pake adasiya adaputala ya CHAdeMO ndikuyambitsa adaputala ya CCS ... imagwira pamagalimoto aposachedwa.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=584HfILW38Q
American Power komanso Nissan adanena kuti akuchotsa Chademo mokomera CCS.Nissan Arya yatsopano idzakhala CCS, ndipo Leaf idzasiya kupanga posachedwa.
Katswiri wa Dutch EV Muxsan wabwera ndi chowonjezera cha CCS kwa Nissan LEAF kuti alowe m'malo mwa doko la AC. Izi zimalola Mtundu wa 2 AC ndi CCS2 DC kulipira pamene mukusunga doko la CHAdeMo.
Ndikudziwa 123, 386 ndi 356 popanda kuyang'ana. Chabwino, kwenikweni, ndinasakaniza ziwiri zomaliza, kotero ndikuyenera kufufuza.
Eya, makamaka mukaganiza kuti zalumikizidwa ndi zomwe zikuchitika…
Chojambulira cha CCS2 / Type 2 chinalowa ku US monga muyezo wa J3068. Cholinga chogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magalimoto olemera kwambiri, monga mphamvu ya 3-phase imapereka mofulumira kwambiri mofulumira. dziwani kugwirizana.Pa mphamvu yamakono ya 160A, J3068 ikhoza kufika 166kW ya mphamvu ya AC.
"Ku US, Tesla imagwiritsa ntchito doko lake lolipiritsa. Imatha kuthandizira pagawo limodzi la AC komanso magawo atatu"
Ndi gawo limodzi lokha.Ndi pulagi ya J1772 munjira yosiyana ndi magwiridwe antchito a DC.
J1772 (CCS mtundu 1) akhoza kwenikweni kuthandizira DC, koma sindinayambe ndawonapo chilichonse chomwe chimayigwiritsa ntchito.Protocol ya "bubu" j1772 ili ndi mtengo wa "Digital Mode Required" ndi "Type 1 DC" imatanthauza DC pa zikhomo za L1 / L2. "Mtundu wa 2 DC" umafuna mapini owonjezera a cholumikizira cholumikizira.
Zolumikizira za US Tesla sizigwirizana ndi magawo atatu a AC. Olembawo amasokoneza zolumikizira za US ndi ku Europe, omaliza (omwe amadziwikanso kuti CCS Type 2) amachita.
Pamutu wogwirizana: Kodi magalimoto amagetsi amaloledwa kugunda pamsewu popanda kulipira msonkho wapamsewu? Ngati ndi choncho, chifukwa chiyani? Pongoganiza kuti (zosavomerezeka) za chilengedwe pomwe magalimoto opitilira 90% ndi magetsi, kodi msonkho woyendetsa msewu uchokera kuti? jenereta (palibe msonkho wapamsewu).
Chilichonse chimadalira ulamuliro.Malo ena amangolipira msonkho wamafuta.Ena amalipira ndalama zolembetsera galimoto ngati mafuta owonjezera.
Panthawi ina, njira zina zomwe ndalamazi zimabwezeretsedwera zidzafunika kusintha.Ndikufuna kuwona dongosolo labwino lomwe malipiro amachokera pa mtunda ndi kulemera kwa galimoto monga momwe zimakhalira zimatsimikizira kuti mumavala bwanji pamsewu.Msonkho wa carbon pa mafuta ukhoza kukhala woyenera kwambiri pabwalo lamasewera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-21-2022
