Magalimoto amagetsi tsopano ndi ofala m'misewu yathu, ndipo zomangamanga zolipiritsa zikumangidwa padziko lonse lapansi kuti ziwathandize. Ndizofanana ndi magetsi pa malo opangira mafuta, ndipo posachedwa, adzakhala paliponse.
Komabe, zimadzutsa funso lochititsa chidwi.Mapampu a mpweya amangotsanulira madzi m'mabowo ndipo akhala akukhazikika kwa nthawi yaitali.Sizili choncho m'dziko la ma charger a EV, kotero tiyeni tifufuze momwe masewerawa alili panopa.
Ukadaulo wamagalimoto amagetsi wakula mwachangu kuyambira pomwe idakhala yodziwika bwino m'zaka khumi zapitazi.Popeza magalimoto ambiri amagetsi akadali ndi malire ochepa, opanga magalimoto apanga magalimoto othamangitsa mwachangu pazaka zambiri kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito.Izi zimatheka kudzera pakuwongolera batire, wowongolera hardware ndi mapulogalamu.Ukatswiri wotsatsa wapita patsogolo kwambiri moti magalimoto amagetsi atsopano tsopano akhoza kuwonjezera makilomita mazanamazana mu mphindi 20 zokha.
Komabe, kuyendetsa galimoto yamagetsi pa liwiro ili kumafuna magetsi ambiri.Chotsatira chake, opanga magalimoto ndi magulu a mafakitale akhala akugwira ntchito kuti akhazikitse miyezo yatsopano yobweretsera kuti apereke zamakono zamakono ku mabatire apamwamba a galimoto mwamsanga.
Monga chiwongolero, malo ogulitsa kunyumba ku US amatha kutulutsa 1.8 kW. Zimatenga maola 48 kapena kuposerapo kuti mulipiritse galimoto yamakono yamagetsi kuchokera kumalo osungiramo nyumba ngati amenewa.
Mosiyana ndi izi, madoko amakono opangira ma EV amatha kunyamula chilichonse kuchokera ku 2 kW mpaka 350 kW nthawi zina, ndipo amafuna zolumikizira zapadera kwambiri kuti achite izi.Miyezo yosiyana siyana yatulukira pazaka zambiri pomwe opanga ma automaker amayang'ana kulowetsa mphamvu zambiri m'magalimoto mwachangu kwambiri. yang'anani pa zosankha zofala masiku ano.
Muyezo wa SAE J1772 udasindikizidwa mu June 2001 ndipo umadziwikanso kuti J Plug. Cholumikizira cha 5-pin chimathandizira kuyitanitsa kwa gawo limodzi la AC pa 1.44 kW polumikizidwa ndi magetsi apanyumba, omwe amatha kukwera mpaka 19.2 kW akayikidwa. pa malo othamangitsira magalimoto othamanga kwambiri. Cholumikizira ichi chimatumiza mphamvu ya gawo limodzi la AC pamawaya awiri, ma sign pa mawaya ena awiri, ndipo chachisanu ndi kugwirizana kwa dziko lapansi.
Pambuyo pa 2006, J Plug inakhala yovomerezeka kwa magalimoto onse amagetsi ogulitsidwa ku California ndipo mwamsanga anadziwika ku US ndi Japan, ndikulowa m'misika ina yapadziko lonse.
Cholumikizira cha Type 2, chomwe chimadziwikanso ndi mlengi wake, wopanga ku Germany Mennekes, chidaperekedwa koyamba mu 2009 kuti chilowe m'malo mwa EU SAE J1772. Mphamvu ya AC, yomwe imalola kuti izitha kulipiritsa magalimoto mpaka 43 kW. Mwachizolowezi, ma charger ambiri a Type 2 amakhala ndi 22 kW kapena kuchepera. J1772, ilinso ndi zikhomo ziwiri zowonetsera zisanayambe kulowetsa ndi kulowetsamo.Kenako imakhala ndi dziko lapansi lotetezera, lopanda ndale komanso atatu oyendetsa magawo atatu a AC.
Mu 2013, European Union inasankha mapulagi a Type 2 monga muyezo watsopano woti alowe m'malo mwa J1772 ndi zolumikizira zodzichepetsa za EV Plug Alliance Type 3A ndi 3C za mapulogalamu a AC. m'magalimoto ambiri amsika padziko lonse lapansi.
CCS imayimira Combined Charging System ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira cha "combo" kuti ilolere kuyitanitsa zonse za DC ndi AC. Yotulutsidwa mu Okutobala 2011, muyezowu wapangidwa kuti ulole kukhazikitsidwa kosavuta kwa kuthamanga kwambiri kwa DC kumagalimoto atsopano. Izi zitha kukwaniritsidwa powonjezera ma kondakitala a DC ku mtundu wa cholumikizira cha AC. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya CCS, cholumikizira cha Combo 1 ndi cholumikizira cha Combo 2.
Combo 1 ili ndi cholumikizira cha Type 1 J1772 AC ndi ma conductor awiri akuluakulu a DC. Chifukwa chake, galimoto yokhala ndi cholumikizira cha CCS Combo 1 imatha kulumikizidwa ndi charger ya J1772 yolipiritsa AC, kapena cholumikizira cha Combo 1 pakulipiritsa mwachangu kwa DC. .Mapangidwewa ndi oyenerera magalimoto ku msika wa US, kumene zolumikizira za J1772 zakhala zofala.
Zolumikizira za Combo 2 zimakhala ndi cholumikizira cha Mennekes cholumikizidwa ndi ma conductor awiri akulu a DC. Kwa msika waku Europe, izi zimalola magalimoto okhala ndi soketi za Combo 2 kuti azilipiritsa pagawo limodzi kapena atatu AC kudzera pa cholumikizira cha Type 2, kapena kuthamangitsa DC mwachangu polumikizana ndi Combo. 2 cholumikizira.
CCS imalola AC kulipira ku muyezo wa J1772 kapena Mennekes sub-connector yomangidwa mu mapangidwe.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti chojambulira chofulumira cha DC chokhala ndi cholumikizira cha Combo 2 chimachotsa kugwirizana kwa gawo la AC komanso kusalowerera ndale mu cholumikizira popeza sakufunika.Cholumikizira cha Combo 1 chimawasiya m'malo, ngakhale sagwiritsidwa ntchito.Zopanga zonse ziwiri zimadalira zomwezo. zikhomo zolumikizira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi cholumikizira cha AC polumikizana pakati pagalimoto ndi chojambulira.
Monga imodzi mwa makampani ochita upainiya mu malo oyendetsa galimoto yamagetsi, Tesla adakonzekera kupanga zolumikizira zake zolipiritsa kuti akwaniritse zosowa zamagalimoto ake. magalimoto kampani ndi pang'ono kuti palibe zipangizo zina.
Ngakhale kampaniyo imapanga magalimoto ake ndi zolumikizira za Type 2 kapena CCS ku Europe, ku US, Tesla imagwiritsa ntchito doko lake lolipiritsa. Masiteshoni a Tesla Supercharger.
Malo oyambira a Tesla a Supercharger adapereka mpaka ma kilowatts 150 pagalimoto imodzi, koma pambuyo pake zitsanzo zamphamvu zotsika zamatauni zinali ndi malire otsika a kilowatts 72. Ma charger aposachedwa a kampaniyo amatha kupereka mphamvu zokwana 250 kW kugalimoto zokhala ndi zida zoyenera.
Muyezo wa GB/T 20234.3 unaperekedwa ndi Standardization Administration of China ndipo umakwirira zolumikizira zomwe zimatha kuyitanitsa mwachangu gawo limodzi la AC ndi DC. Zosadziwika kunja kwa msika wapadera wa EV waku China, zidavotera kuti zizigwira ntchito mpaka 1,000 volts DC ndi 250 amps ndi kulipiritsa pa liwiro la 250 kilowatts.
Simungathe kupeza dokoli pagalimoto yosapangidwa ku China, yopangidwira msika waku China kapena mayiko omwe amalumikizana nawo kwambiri.
Mwinamwake mapangidwe okondweretsa kwambiri a dokoli ndi A + ndi A- pini. Iwo amavotera ma voltages mpaka 30 V ndi mafunde mpaka 20 A. Iwo akufotokozedwa mu muyezo monga "otsika-voltage mphamvu yothandiza kwa magalimoto magetsi operekedwa ndi ma charger omwe ali kunja".
Sizikudziwika bwino kuchokera kumasuliridwa kuti ntchito yawo yeniyeni ndi yotani, koma zikhoza kupangidwa kuti zithandize kuyambitsa galimoto yamagetsi ndi batri yakufa kwathunthu.Pamene batire ya EV traction ndi 12V batire yatha, zingakhale zovuta kulipira galimoto chifukwa. magetsi a galimoto sangathe kudzuka ndi kulankhulana ndi charger.The contactors komanso sangathe nyonga kulumikiza traction unit ndi subsystems osiyanasiyana a car.Thezi zikhomo ziwiri mwina anapangidwa kuti apereke mokwanira mphamvu yoyendetsa magetsi oyendetsa galimoto ndi mphamvu zolumikizirana kuti batire yaikulu ya traction iperekedwe ngakhale galimotoyo itafa kwathunthu.Ngati mukudziwa zambiri za izi, omasuka kutidziwitsa mu ndemanga.
CHAdeMO ndi cholumikizira cholumikizira cha EVs, makamaka pamapulogalamu othamangitsa mwachangu. Imatha kufikitsa ku 62.5 kW kudzera pa cholumikizira chake chapadera.Iyi ndiye muyeso woyamba wopangidwa kuti upereke kuyitanitsa mwachangu kwa DC kwa magalimoto amagetsi (mosasamala kanthu za wopanga) ndipo ili ndi mapini a mabasi a CAN. polumikizana pakati pa galimoto ndi charger.
Muyezowu udapangidwa kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchito padziko lonse lapansi mu 2010 mothandizidwa ndi opanga ma automaker aku Japan. adaganiza zokakamiza kutha kwa ma charger a CHAdeMO, koma pamapeto pake adaganiza zofuna kuti masiteshoni ochapira akhale ndi zolumikizira za Type 2 kapena Combo 2 "osachepera".
Kupititsa patsogolo kogwirizana ndi kumbuyo kunalengezedwa mu May 2018, zomwe zidzalola ma charger a CHAdeMO kuti apereke mphamvu mpaka 400 kW, kupitirira ngakhale zolumikizira za CCS pamunda. ndi miyezo ya EU CCS.Komabe, idalephera kupeza zogula zambiri kunja kwa msika waku Japan.
Muyezo wa CHAdeMo 3.0 wakhala ukukulirakulira kuyambira 2018. Umatchedwa ChaoJi ndipo uli ndi cholumikizira cholumikizira mapini 7 opangidwa mogwirizana ndi China Standardization Administration. Ikuyembekeza kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwacharge mpaka 900 kW, kugwira ntchito pa 1.5 kV, ndikutumiza. ma amps 600 athunthu pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zoziziritsidwa ndi madzi.
Pamene mukuwerenga izi, mukhoza kukhululukidwa chifukwa choganiza kuti mosasamala kanthu komwe mukuyendetsa galimoto yanu yatsopano ya EV, pali mitundu yambiri yolipiritsa yokonzeka kukupatsani mutu. mulingo umodzi wolipiritsa osaphatikiza ena ambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magalimoto ndi ma charger ambiri m'dera linalake azigwirizana.Zowona, Tesla ku US ndizosiyana, koma alinso ndi awo. netiweki yodzipatulira yolipira.
Ngakhale pali anthu ena omwe amagwiritsa ntchito chojambulira cholakwika pamalo olakwika pa nthawi yolakwika, nthawi zambiri amatha kugwiritsa ntchito adaputala yamtundu wina komwe amafunikira.Kupita patsogolo, ma EV ambiri atsopano amamatira kumtundu wa charger womwe umakhazikitsidwa m'magawo awo ogulitsa. , kupangitsa moyo kukhala wosavuta kwa aliyense.
Tsopano muyezo wapadziko lonse lapansi ndi USB-C
.Chilichonse chiyenera kulipiritsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito USB-C, palibe kuchotserapo.Ndikuwona pulagi ya 100KW EV, yomwe yangokhala zolumikizira 1000 za USB C zopanikizidwa mu pulagi yomwe ikuyenda molumikizana.Ndi zida zoyenera, mutha kusunga kulemera pansi pa 50 kg (110 lb) kuti mugwiritse ntchito mosavuta.
Ma PHEV ambiri ndi magalimoto amagetsi ali ndi mphamvu yokoka mpaka mapaundi a 1000, kotero mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ngolo kuti munyamule mzere wanu wa adapters ndi converters.Peavey Mart akugulitsanso gennys sabata ino ngati pali mazana angapo a GVWRs osasiya.
Ku Ulaya, ndemanga za Type 1 (SAE J1772) ndi CHAdeMO zimanyalanyaza mfundo yakuti Nissan LEAF ndi Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV, magalimoto awiri ogulitsidwa kwambiri amagetsi, ali ndi zolumikizira izi.
Zolumikizira izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndipo sizikuchoka.Ngakhale kuti mtundu wa 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 umagwirizana pa mlingo wa chizindikiro (kulola mtundu wamtundu wa 2 ku mtundu wa 1 chingwe), CHAdeMO ndi CCS siziri.LEAF ilibe njira yeniyeni yolipiritsa kuchokera ku CCS. .
Ngati chojambulira chofulumira sichilinso CHAdeMO, ndingaganizire mozama kubwerera ku galimoto ya ICE kwa ulendo wautali ndikusunga LEAF yanga kuti ndigwiritse ntchito kwanuko kokha.
Ndili ndi Outlander PHEV.Ndagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a DC mwachangu kangapo, kuti ndiyesere ndikakhala ndi mtengo waulere. Zedi, imatha kulipiritsa batire mpaka 80% mumphindi 20, koma izi ziyenera kupereka. ndi mtundu wa EV wa pafupifupi makilomita 20.
Ma charger ambiri a DC ndi otsika kwambiri, kotero mutha kulipira pafupifupi 100 bilu yanu yamagetsi yanthawi zonse pa mtunda wa makilomita 20, zomwe ndi zochuluka kwambiri kuposa ngati mukuyendetsa mafuta okha. chifukwa mphamvu yake ndi 22 kW.
Ndimakonda Outlander wanga chifukwa mawonekedwe a EV amandifikitsa paulendo wanga wonse, koma chojambulira cha DC mwachangu ndichothandiza ngati nsonga yachitatu yamunthu.
Cholumikizira cha CHAdeMO chikuyenera kukhala chofanana pamasamba onse (tsamba?), koma musavutike ndi Outlanders.
Tesla amagulitsanso ma adapter omwe amalola Tesla kugwiritsa ntchito J1772 (ndithu) ndi CHAdeMO (zodabwitsa kwambiri). Pambuyo pake anasiya adaputala ya CHAdeMO ndikuyambitsa adaputala ya CCS ... koma magalimoto ena okha, m'misika ina. kuchokera pa charger ya CCS Type 1 yokhala ndi socket ya Tesla Supercharger ikuwoneka kuti ikugulitsidwa ku Korea kokha (!) imagwira pamagalimoto aposachedwa.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=584HfILW38Q
American Power komanso Nissan adanena kuti akuchotsa Chademo mokomera CCS.Nissan Arya yatsopano idzakhala CCS, ndipo Leaf idzasiya kupanga posachedwa.
Katswiri wa Dutch EV Muxsan wabwera ndi chowonjezera cha CCS kwa Nissan LEAF kuti alowe m'malo mwa doko la AC. Izi zimalola Mtundu wa 2 AC ndi CCS2 DC kulipira pamene mukusunga doko la CHAdeMo.
Ndikudziwa 123, 386 ndi 356 popanda kuyang'ana. Chabwino, kwenikweni, ndinasakaniza ziwiri zomaliza, kotero ndikuyenera kufufuza.
Eya, makamaka mukaganiza kuti zalumikizidwa ndi zomwe zikuchitika…
Chojambulira cha CCS2 / Type 2 chinalowa ku US monga muyezo wa J3068. Cholinga chogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magalimoto olemera kwambiri, monga mphamvu ya 3-gawo imapereka mofulumira kwambiri. -to-phase.DC kulipira kuli kofanana ndi CCS2.Voltages ndi mafunde omwe amadutsa miyezo ya Type2 amafuna zizindikiro za digito kuti galimoto ndi EVSE athe dziwani kugwirizana.Pa mphamvu yamakono ya 160A, J3068 ikhoza kufika 166kW ya mphamvu ya AC.
"Ku US, Tesla amagwiritsa ntchito doko lake lolipiritsa. Itha kuthandizira AC single-phase and three phase charger”
Ndi gawo limodzi lokha.Ndi pulagi ya J1772 munjira yosiyana ndi magwiridwe antchito a DC.
J1772 (CCS mtundu 1) imatha kuthandizira DC, koma sindinawonepo chilichonse chomwe chimayigwiritsa ntchito.Protocol ya "bubu" j1772 ili ndi mtengo wa "Digital Mode Required" ndi "Type 1 DC" imatanthauza DC pa L1 / L2 ma pini."Mtundu wa 2 DC" umafunika mapini owonjezera pa cholumikizira cha combo.
Zolumikizira za US Tesla sizigwirizana ndi magawo atatu a AC. Olembawo amasokoneza zolumikizira za US ndi ku Europe, omaliza (omwe amadziwikanso kuti CCS Type 2) amachita.
Pamutu wogwirizana nawo: Kodi magalimoto amagetsi amaloledwa kugunda pamsewu popanda kulipira msonkho wapamsewu? Ngati ndi choncho, chifukwa chiyani? Pongoganiza (zosavomerezeka) wazoyang'anira zachilengedwe pomwe magalimoto opitilira 90% ndi magetsi, kodi msonkho wosunga msewu ukhala kuti. Kodi mungawonjezere pamtengo wolipiritsa anthu, koma anthu atha kugwiritsanso ntchito ma sola kunyumba, kapena ngakhale 'ulimi' woyendetsedwa ndi dizilo. jenereta (palibe msonkho wapamsewu).
Chilichonse chimadalira ulamuliro.Malo ena amangolipira msonkho wamafuta.Ena amalipira ndalama zolembetsera galimoto ngati mafuta owonjezera.
Panthawi ina, njira zina zomwe ndalamazi zimabwezeretsedwera zidzafunika kusintha. Ndikufuna kuwona njira yabwino yomwe malipiro amachokera pa mtunda ndi kulemera kwa galimoto chifukwa zimatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa zovala zomwe mumavala pamsewu. .Msonkho wa kaboni pamafuta ukhoza kukhala woyenera pabwalo lamasewera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-21-2022
