Chifukwa cha kukula kwa msika watsopano wa magalimoto amphamvu ku China, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) kwakhala kofunikira kwambiri pakupanga njira zadziko lonse zamagetsi ndi ma grid anzeru. Ukadaulo wa V2G umasintha magalimoto amagetsi kukhala mayunitsi osungira mphamvu oyenda ndipo umagwiritsa ntchito ma piles ochajira njira ziwiri kuti upereke mphamvu kuchokera kugalimoto kupita ku grid. Kudzera muukadaulo uwu, magalimoto amagetsi amatha kupereka mphamvu ku grid panthawi yodzaza katundu wambiri komanso kutchaji panthawi yodzaza katundu wochepa, zomwe zimathandiza kuti katundu azikhala bwino pa grid.
Pa Januwale 4, 2024, National Development and Reform Commission ndi madipatimenti ena adatulutsa chikalata choyamba cha mfundo zapakhomo chomwe chimayang'ana kwambiri ukadaulo wa V2G - "Maganizo Okhazikitsa Pakulimbitsa Kuphatikiza ndi Kuyanjana kwa Magalimoto Atsopano Amagetsi ndi Ma Gridi Amagetsi." Kutengera ndi "Maganizo Otsogolera Pakumanganso Dongosolo Lapamwamba Loyatsira Zowunikira" lomwe lidaperekedwa ndi Ofesi Yaikulu ya Bungwe la Boma, malingaliro okhazikitsa sanangofotokoza tanthauzo la ukadaulo wolumikizana ndi magalimoto, komanso adapereka zolinga ndi njira zinazake, ndipo adakonzekera kuzigwiritsa ntchito ku Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Shandong, Sichuan ndi Chongqing ndi madera ena omwe ali ndi mikhalidwe yokhwima kuti akhazikitse mapulojekiti owonetsera.
Zambiri zam'mbuyomu zikusonyeza kuti pali ma charger piles okwana 1,000 okha omwe ali ndi ntchito za V2G mdziko muno, ndipo pakadali pano pali ma charger piles okwana 3.98 miliyoni mdziko muno, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndi 0.025% yokha ya ma charger piles omwe alipo. Kuphatikiza apo, ukadaulo wa V2G wolumikizirana ndi magalimoto ndi wachikulire, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kufufuza ukadaulo uwu sikwachilendo padziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa chake, pali mwayi waukulu woti ukadaulo wa V2G upitirire kutchuka m'mizinda.
Monga njira yoyesera dziko lonse yochepetsera mpweya woipa m'mizinda, Beijing ikulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso. Magalimoto akuluakulu atsopano amagetsi mumzindawu ndi zomangamanga zochapira zakhazikitsa maziko ogwiritsira ntchito ukadaulo wa V2G. Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2022, mzindawu wamanga milu yochapira yoposa 280,000 ndi malo 292 osinthira mabatire.
Komabe, panthawi yokweza ndi kukhazikitsa, ukadaulo wa V2G umakumananso ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana, makamaka okhudzana ndi kuthekera kogwira ntchito yeniyeni komanso kumanga zomangamanga zofanana. Potengera Beijing ngati chitsanzo, ofufuza ochokera ku The Paper Research Institute posachedwapa adachita kafukufuku wokhudza mafakitale okhudzana ndi mphamvu, magetsi ndi zolipirira m'mizinda.
Ma pile ochapira njira ziwiri amafuna ndalama zambiri zoyambira kuyikamo ndalama
Ofufuza adaphunzira kuti ngati ukadaulo wa V2G utchuka m'mizinda, ukhoza kuthetsa vuto lomwe lilipo la "zovuta kupeza ma charger piles" m'mizinda. China ikadali kumayambiriro kogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa V2G. Monga momwe munthu woyang'anira malo opangira magetsi adanenera, m'malingaliro, ukadaulo wa V2G ndi wofanana ndi kulola mafoni a m'manja kuti azitha kuyatsa mabanki amagetsi, koma kugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni kumafuna kasamalidwe kapamwamba ka mabatire ndi kulumikizana kwa gridi.
Ofufuza anafufuza makampani ochaja milu ku Beijing ndipo anapeza kuti pakadali pano, milu yambiri yochaja ku Beijing ndi milu yochaja ya njira imodzi yomwe imangothamangitsira magalimoto okha. Pofuna kulimbikitsa milu yochaja ya njira ziwiri yokhala ndi ntchito za V2G, pakadali pano tikukumana ndi mavuto angapo othandiza:
Choyamba, mizinda ya m'gulu loyamba, monga Beijing, ikukumana ndi kusowa kwa malo. Kumanga malo ochapira zinthu okhala ndi ntchito za V2G, kaya kubwereka kapena kugula malo, kumatanthauza ndalama zogulira nthawi yayitali komanso ndalama zambiri. Komanso, n'zovuta kupeza malo ena owonjezera.
Chachiwiri, zimatenga nthawi kuti zisinthe milu yochapira yomwe ilipo. Ndalama zogulira pomanga milu yochapira ndi zokwera, kuphatikizapo mtengo wa zida, malo obwereka ndi mawaya kuti zilumikizidwe ku gridi yamagetsi. Ndalama zimenezi nthawi zambiri zimatenga zaka zosachepera 2-3 kuti zibwezeretsedwe. Ngati kukonzanso kumadalira milu yochapira yomwe ilipo, makampani akhoza kusowa zolimbikitsa zokwanira asanabwezeretse ndalamazo.
M'mbuyomu, malipoti a atolankhani adanena kuti pakadali pano, kufalitsa ukadaulo wa V2G m'mizinda kudzakumana ndi mavuto awiri akuluakulu: Choyamba ndi mtengo wokwera womangira koyambirira. Chachiwiri, ngati magetsi a magalimoto amagetsi alumikizidwa ku gridi yolumikizidwa, izi zitha kusokoneza kukhazikika kwa gridi.
Chiyembekezo cha ukadaulo ndi chabwino ndipo chili ndi kuthekera kwakukulu mtsogolo.
Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa V2G kumatanthauza chiyani kwa eni magalimoto? Kafukufuku wofunikira akuwonetsa kuti mphamvu zamagetsi za ma tram ang'onoang'ono ndi pafupifupi 6km/kWh (ndiko kuti, kilowatt imodzi yamagetsi imatha kuyenda makilomita 6). Mphamvu ya batri ya magalimoto ang'onoang'ono amagetsi nthawi zambiri imakhala 60-80kWh (ma kilowatt-hours 60-80 yamagetsi), ndipo galimoto yamagetsi imatha kuyitanitsa ma kilowatt-hours 80 yamagetsi. Komabe, mphamvu zamagetsi zamagalimoto zimaphatikizaponso mpweya woziziritsa, ndi zina zotero. Poyerekeza ndi momwe zilili, mtunda woyendetsa udzachepetsedwa.
Munthu amene akuyang'anira kampani yojambulira zinthu zomwe zatchulidwazi ali ndi chiyembekezo pa ukadaulo wa V2G. Iye anati galimoto yatsopano yamagetsi imatha kusunga magetsi okwana ma kilowatt-hours 80 ikadzaza ndi magetsi okwanira ndipo imatha kupereka magetsi okwana ma kilowatt-hours 50 ku gridi nthawi iliyonse. Powerengera kutengera mitengo yamagetsi yojambulira yomwe ofufuza adawona pamalo oimika magalimoto pansi pa nthaka m'sitolo yaikulu ku East Fourth Ring Road, Beijing, mtengo wojambulira nthawi yomwe siili pachimake ndi 1.1 yuan/kWh (mitengo yojambulira ndi yotsika m'madera akumidzi), ndipo mtengo wojambulira nthawi yomwe siili pachimake ndi 2.1 yuan/kWh. Poganiza kuti mwini galimoto amalipiritsa nthawi yomwe siili pachimake tsiku lililonse ndikupereka magetsi ku gridi nthawi yomwe siili pachimake, kutengera mitengo yomwe ilipo, mwini galimotoyo akhoza kupeza phindu la ma yuan osachepera 50 patsiku. "Ndi kusintha kwamitengo komwe kungachitike kuchokera ku gridi yamagetsi, monga kukhazikitsa mitengo yamsika nthawi yomwe siili pachimake, ndalama zomwe magalimoto omwe amapereka magetsi ku gridi zojambulira zitha kukwera kwambiri."
Munthu amene akuyang'anira malo opangira magetsi omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa ananena kuti kudzera mu ukadaulo wa V2G, ndalama zotayira mabatire ziyenera kuganiziridwa pamene magalimoto amagetsi atumiza magetsi ku gridi. Malipoti oyenerera akusonyeza kuti mtengo wa batire ya 60kWh ndi pafupifupi US$7,680 (yofanana ndi pafupifupi RMB 55,000).
Kwa makampani ochaja milu, pamene chiwerengero cha magalimoto atsopano amphamvu chikupitirira kukwera, kufunikira kwa msika wa ukadaulo wa V2G kudzakulanso. Magalimoto amagetsi akamatumiza magetsi ku gridi kudzera mu milu yochaja, makampani ochaja milu amatha kulipiritsa "ndalama zinazake zolipirira ntchito". Kuphatikiza apo, m'mizinda yambiri ku China, makampani amaika ndalama ndikugwiritsa ntchito milu yochaja, ndipo boma lipereka ndalama zothandizira.
Mizinda ya m'dziko muno ikulimbikitsa pang'onopang'ono kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu a V2G. Mu Julayi 2023, malo oyamba owonetsera za V2G ku Zhoushan City adakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo, ndipo oda yoyamba yogulira mkati mwa malo ku Zhejiang Province idamalizidwa bwino. Pa Januware 9, 2024, NIO idalengeza kuti gulu lake loyamba la malo 10 ochapira a V2G ku Shanghai lidakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo.
Cui Dongshu, mlembi wamkulu wa National Passenger Car Market Information Joint Association, ali ndi chiyembekezo cha kuthekera kwa ukadaulo wa V2G. Iye adauza ofufuza kuti chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo wa batri yamagetsi, moyo wa batri ukhoza kuwonjezeka kufika nthawi 3,000 kapena kupitirira apo, zomwe zikufanana ndi zaka pafupifupi 10 zogwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pazochitika zomwe magalimoto amagetsi nthawi zambiri amachajidwa ndikutulutsidwa.
Ofufuza akunja apeza zomwezo. ACT ya ku Australia posachedwapa yamaliza pulojekiti yofufuza zaukadaulo wa V2G ya zaka ziwiri yotchedwa "Kuzindikira Magalimoto Amagetsi kupita ku Ntchito Zamagetsi (REVS)". Izi zikusonyeza kuti ndi chitukuko chachikulu cha ukadaulo, ndalama zolipirira za V2G zikuyembekezeka kuchepetsedwa kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mtsogolomu, pamene mtengo wa malo olipirira ukutsika, mtengo wa magalimoto amagetsi nawonso udzatsika, motero kuchepetsa ndalama zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Zomwe zapezekazi zingakhalenso zothandiza kwambiri pakulinganiza mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa mu gridi panthawi yamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri.
Ikufunika mgwirizano wa gridi yamagetsi ndi njira yothetsera mavuto pamsika.
Paukadaulo, njira yogwiritsira ntchito magalimoto amagetsi kubwerera ku gridi yamagetsi idzawonjezera zovuta za ntchito yonse.
Xi Guofu, mkulu wa Dipatimenti Yoona za Chitukuko cha Mafakitale ku State Grid Corporation ku China, nthawi ina anati kutchaja magalimoto atsopano amagetsi kumafuna "kunyamula katundu wambiri komanso mphamvu yochepa". Eni magalimoto ambiri atsopano amagetsi amazolowera kutchaja pakati pa 19:00 ndi 23:00, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi nthawi yomwe magetsi amalowa m'nyumba. Kukwera kufika pa 85%, zomwe zimawonjezera mphamvu zamagetsi ndipo zimakhudza kwambiri netiweki yogawa.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro omveka bwino, pamene magalimoto amagetsi apereka mphamvu zamagetsi ku gridi, transformer imafunika kusintha magetsi kuti iwonetsetse kuti ikugwirizana ndi gridi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti njira yotulutsira magetsi pagalimoto yamagetsi iyenera kufanana ndi ukadaulo wa transformer wa gridi yamagetsi. Makamaka, kutumiza mphamvu kuchokera mu mulu wochapira kupita ku tramu kumaphatikizapo kutumiza mphamvu zamagetsi kuchokera ku voltage yapamwamba kupita ku voltage yotsika, pomwe kutumiza mphamvu kuchokera ku tramu kupita ku mulu wochapira (ndipo motero kupita ku gridi) kumafuna kuwonjezeka kuchokera ku voltage yotsika kupita ku voltage yapamwamba. Mu ukadaulo Ndizovuta kwambiri, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kusintha kwa magetsi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mphamvu zamagetsi zikuyenda bwino komanso kutsatira miyezo ya gridi.
Munthu amene akuyang'anira malo opangira magetsi omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa ananena kuti malo opangira magetsi ayenera kuyang'anira bwino mphamvu za magalimoto ambiri amagetsi, zomwe sizimangokhudza luso laukadaulo, komanso zimafuna kusintha njira yogwiritsira ntchito malo opangira magetsi.
Iye anati: “Mwachitsanzo, m’malo ena, mawaya amagetsi omwe alipo si okhuthala mokwanira kuti azitha kunyamula milu yambiri yochapira. Izi zikufanana ndi makina a mapaipi amadzi. Chitoliro chachikulu sichingathe kupereka madzi okwanira ku mapaipi onse a nthambi ndipo chikufunika kukonzedwanso. Izi zimafuna kubwezeretsanso mawaya ambiri. Ndalama zambiri zomangira.” Ngakhale milu yochapira itayikidwa kwinakwake, singagwire ntchito bwino chifukwa cha mavuto a gridi.
Ntchito yofananira iyenera kukonzedwa. Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu ya milu yochapira pang'onopang'ono nthawi zambiri imakhala ma kilowatts 7 (7KW), pomwe mphamvu yonse ya zida zapakhomo m'nyumba wamba ndi pafupifupi ma kilowatts atatu (3KW). Ngati milu imodzi kapena ziwiri zochapira zalumikizidwa, katunduyo ukhoza kudzazidwa mokwanira, ndipo ngakhale mphamvuyo ikugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomwe si nthawi yogwira ntchito, gridi yamagetsi ikhoza kukhazikika kwambiri. Komabe, ngati milu yambiri yochapira yalumikizidwa ndipo mphamvu ikugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomwe ikugwira ntchito, mphamvu ya gridiyo ikhoza kupitirira.
Munthu amene akuyang'anira malo opangira magetsi omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa anati, malinga ndi chiyembekezo cha mphamvu yogawidwa, malonda amagetsi akhoza kufufuzidwa kuti athetse vuto lolimbikitsa kuyitanitsa ndi kutulutsa magalimoto atsopano amagetsi ku gridi yamagetsi mtsogolo. Pakadali pano, mphamvu zamagetsi zimagulitsidwa ndi makampani opanga magetsi ku makampani opanga magetsi, omwe kenako amagawa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ndi mabizinesi. Kuyenda kwa magetsi m'magawo ambiri kumawonjezera mtengo wonse wamagetsi. Ngati ogwiritsa ntchito ndi mabizinesi angagule magetsi mwachindunji kuchokera kumakampani opanga magetsi, zipangitsa kuti unyolo wamagetsi ukhale wosavuta. "Kugula mwachindunji kungachepetse maulalo apakati, motero kuchepetsa mtengo wogwirira ntchito wamagetsi. Zingalimbikitsenso makampani opanga magetsi kuti atenge nawo mbali kwambiri pakupereka magetsi ndikuwongolera gridi yamagetsi, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakugwira bwino ntchito kwa msika wamagetsi komanso kukweza ukadaulo wolumikizira magalimoto ndi gridi."
Qin Jianze, mkulu wa Energy Service Center (Load Control Center) wa State Grid Smart Internet of Vehicles Technology Co., Ltd., adati pogwiritsa ntchito ntchito ndi ubwino wa nsanja ya Internet of Vehicles, milu ya zolipiritsa chuma cha anthu ikhoza kulumikizidwa ku nsanja ya Internet of Vehicles kuti ntchito za ogwira ntchito pagulu zikhale zosavuta. Pangani malire, kuchepetsa ndalama zogulira, kukwaniritsa mgwirizano wopambana ndi nsanja ya Internet of Vehicles, ndikumanga chilengedwe chokhazikika chamakampani.
Susie
Kampani ya Sichuan Green Science & Technology Ltd.,
0086 19302815938
Nthawi yotumizira: Feb-10-2024
