Ndi kukula kwachangu kwa msika wamagalimoto atsopano aku China, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) kwakhala kofunika kwambiri pomanga njira zamphamvu za dziko komanso ma grid anzeru. Ukadaulo wa V2G umasintha magalimoto amagetsi kukhala magawo osungira mphamvu zam'manja ndikugwiritsa ntchito milu yothamangitsa njira ziwiri kuti izindikire kutumiza mphamvu kuchokera pagalimoto kupita ku gridi. Kupyolera mu teknolojiyi, magalimoto amagetsi amatha kupereka mphamvu ku gridi panthawi yolemetsa kwambiri ndikulipiritsa panthawi yochepetsetsa, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa katundu pa gridi.
Pa Januware 4, 2024, National Development and Reform Commission ndi madipatimenti ena adatulutsa chikalata choyamba cha mfundo zapakhomo zomwe zimayang'ana ukadaulo wa V2G - "Maganizo Othandizira Kulimbitsa Kuphatikiza ndi Kuyanjana kwa Magalimoto Atsopano Amagetsi ndi Magetsi Amagetsi." Kutengera ndi "Maganizo Otsogolera Pakumanganso Njira Yopangira Zopangira Zapamwamba Kwambiri" yomwe idaperekedwa ndi General Office of the State Council, malingaliro ogwiritsidwira ntchito sanangofotokozera tanthauzo laukadaulo waukadaulo wagalimoto-network, komanso kuyika patsogolo zolinga zenizeni komanso njira, ndikukonzekera kuzigwiritsa ntchito mumtsinje wa Yangtze Delta, Pearl River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Shandong, Sichuan ndi Chongqing ndi madera ena. okhwima kuti akhazikitse ntchito zowonetsera.
Zambiri zam'mbuyomu zikuwonetsa kuti pali milu yolipiritsa ya 1,000 yokha yokhala ndi ntchito za V2G mdziko muno, ndipo pakadali pano pali milu yolipiritsa ya 3.98 miliyoni mdziko muno, yomwe imangotenga 0.025% yokha ya milu yonse yomwe ilipo. Kuonjezera apo, teknoloji ya V2G yokhudzana ndi magalimoto-network imakhalanso yokhwima, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kufufuza kwa teknolojiyi si zachilendo padziko lonse lapansi. Zotsatira zake, pali malo abwino owongolera kutchuka kwaukadaulo wa V2G m'mizinda.
Monga woyendetsa mzinda wapansi wa carbon, Beijing ikulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowonjezera. Magalimoto akuluakulu amphamvu amzindawu komanso zopangira zolipiritsa zayala maziko ogwiritsira ntchito ukadaulo wa V2G. Pofika kumapeto kwa 2022, mzindawu wamanga milu yopitilira 280,000 ndi malo osinthira mabatire 292.
Komabe, panthawi yopititsa patsogolo ndi kukhazikitsidwa, teknoloji ya V2G imakumananso ndi zovuta zambiri, makamaka zokhudzana ndi kuthekera kwa ntchito yeniyeni komanso kumanga zomangamanga zogwirizana. Potengera chitsanzo cha Beijing, ofufuza ochokera ku The Paper Research Institute posachedwapa adachita kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi mphamvu zamatawuni, magetsi komanso mafakitale opangira milu.
Milu yolipiritsa njira ziwiri imafuna ndalama zambiri zoyambira
Ofufuza adaphunzira kuti ngati ukadaulo wa V2G udziwika bwino m'matauni, zitha kuchepetsa vuto la "zovuta kupeza milu yolipiritsa" m'mizinda. China idakali koyambirira kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa V2G. Monga momwe munthu woyang'anira magetsi adanenera, mwachidziwitso, teknoloji ya V2G ndi yofanana ndi kulola mafoni kuti azilipiritsa mabanki amagetsi, koma ntchito yake yeniyeni imafuna kasamalidwe kapamwamba kwambiri ka batri ndi kuyanjana kwa grid.
Ofufuza adafufuza makampani omwe amalipira milu ku Beijing ndipo adazindikira kuti pakadali pano, milu yambiri yolipiritsa ku Beijing ndi milu yolipiritsa yanjira imodzi yomwe imatha kulipiritsa magalimoto okha. Kulimbikitsa milu yolipiritsa njira ziwiri ndi V2G, pakali pano tikukumana ndi zovuta zingapo:
Choyamba, mizinda yoyamba, monga Beijing, ikukumana ndi kusowa kwa malo. Kumanga malo opangira ndalama ndi ntchito za V2G, kaya kubwereketsa kapena kugula malo, kumatanthauza kugulitsa kwanthawi yayitali komanso kukwera mtengo. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizovuta kupeza malo owonjezera omwe alipo.
Chachiwiri, zidzatenga nthawi kusintha milu yolipiritsa yomwe ilipo. Ndalama zogulira pomanga milu yolipiritsa ndizokwera kwambiri, kuphatikiza mtengo wa zida, malo obwereketsa ndi mawaya kuti alumikizane ndi gridi yamagetsi. Ndalama izi nthawi zambiri zimatenga zaka 2-3 kuti zibwezedwe. Ngati kubwezeretsanso kumatengera milu yolipiritsa yomwe ilipo, makampani atha kusowa zolimbikitsira ndalamazo zisanabwezedwe.
M'mbuyomu, malipoti atolankhani adanenanso kuti pakalipano, kufalitsa ukadaulo wa V2G m'mizinda kudzakumana ndi zovuta ziwiri zazikulu: Yoyamba ndiyokwera mtengo womanga woyamba. Kachiwiri, ngati magetsi amagalimoto amagetsi amalumikizidwa ndi gridi popanda dongosolo, zitha kukhudza kukhazikika kwa gridi.
Mawonekedwe aukadaulo ndi abwino ndipo ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu pakapita nthawi.
Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa V2G kumatanthauza chiyani kwa eni magalimoto? Kafukufuku wofunikira akuwonetsa kuti mphamvu zamagetsi zama tramu ang'onoang'ono ndi pafupifupi 6km/kWh (ndiko kuti, ola limodzi la kilowatt lamagetsi limatha kuyenda makilomita 6). Kuchuluka kwa batire pamagalimoto ang'onoang'ono amagetsi nthawi zambiri ndi 60-80kWh (maola 60-80 kilowatt-maola amagetsi), ndipo galimoto yamagetsi imatha kulipira pafupifupi ma kilowatt-maola 80 amagetsi. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagalimoto kumaphatikizanso zowongolera mpweya, etc. Poyerekeza ndi malo abwino, mtunda woyendetsa galimoto udzachepetsedwa.
Munthu amene amayang'anira kampani yolipira yomwe tatchulayi ali ndi chiyembekezo chaukadaulo wa V2G. Ananenanso kuti galimoto yatsopano yopatsa mphamvu imatha kusunga ma 80 kilowatt-maola amagetsi ikatha ndipo imatha kupereka maola 50 amagetsi ku gridi nthawi iliyonse. Kuwerengera kutengera mitengo yamagetsi yolipiritsa yomwe ofufuza adawona pamalo oimika magalimoto mobisa m'malo ogulitsira ku East Fourth Ring Road, Beijing, mtengo wolipiritsa panthawi yomwe simukutsika kwambiri ndi 1.1 yuan/kWh (mitengo yolipiritsa ndi yotsika m'matawuni), ndipo mtengo wolipiritsa nthawi yayitali kwambiri ndi 2.1 yuan/kWh. Pongoganiza kuti mwiniwake wagalimoto amalipira nthawi yocheperako tsiku lililonse ndikupereka mphamvu ku gululi nthawi yayitali kwambiri, kutengera mitengo yomwe ilipo, mwiniwake wagalimoto amatha kupanga phindu la yuan 50 patsiku. "Ndi kusintha kwamitengo komwe kungachitike kuchokera ku gridi yamagetsi, monga kukhazikitsidwa kwa mitengo yamsika nthawi yayitali kwambiri, ndalama zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi magalimoto operekera magetsi zitha kuchulukirachulukira."
Munthu amene amayang'anira magetsi omwe tawatchulawa adanena kuti kudzera muukadaulo wa V2G, ndalama zotayika za batri ziyenera kuganiziridwa pamene magalimoto amagetsi amatumiza mphamvu ku gridi. Malipoti oyenerera akusonyeza kuti mtengo wa batire la 60kWh ndi pafupifupi US$7,680 (zofanana ndi pafupifupi RMB 55,000).
Kwa makampani olipira milu, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto amagetsi atsopano kukukulirakulira, kufunikira kwa msika waukadaulo wa V2G kudzakulanso. Magalimoto amagetsi akamatumiza mphamvu ku gridi kudzera pamilu yolipiritsa, makampani olipira milu amatha kulipira "ndalama zolipirira nsanja". Kuphatikiza apo, m'mizinda yambiri ku China, makampani amaika ndalama ndikugwiritsa ntchito milu yolipiritsa, ndipo boma lipereka ndalama zothandizira.
Mizinda yakumidzi ikulimbikitsa pang'onopang'ono kugwiritsa ntchito V2G. Mu Julayi 2023, malo oyamba owonetsera ma V2G mumzinda wa Zhoushan adagwiritsidwa ntchito mwalamulo, ndipo dongosolo loyamba lochita malonda m'paki m'chigawo cha Zhejiang lidamalizidwa bwino. Pa Januware 9, 2024, NIO idalengeza kuti gulu lake loyamba la malo opangira 10 V2G ku Shanghai lidayamba kugwira ntchito.
Cui Dongshu, mlembi wamkulu wa National Passenger Car Market Information Joint Association, ali ndi chiyembekezo cha kuthekera kwaukadaulo wa V2G. Adauza ofufuza kuti ndikupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wamagetsi amagetsi, moyo wa batire ukhoza kuwonjezeka mpaka nthawi za 3,000 kapena kupitilira apo, zomwe ndizofanana ndi zaka 10 zogwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi ndi zofunika kwambiri pazochitika zogwiritsira ntchito pamene magalimoto amagetsi amaperekedwa kawirikawiri ndikutulutsidwa.
Ofufuza akunja apezanso zomwezo. ACT yaku Australia posachedwapa yamaliza ntchito yofufuza zaukadaulo ya V2G yazaka ziwiri yotchedwa "Realizing Electric Vehicles to Grid Services (REVS)". Zikuwonetsa kuti ndi chitukuko chachikulu chaukadaulo, ndalama zolipiritsa za V2G zikuyembekezeka kuchepetsedwa kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti m'kupita kwa nthawi, pamene mtengo wa malo opangira ndalama ukutsika, mtengo wa magalimoto amagetsi udzatsikanso, motero kuchepetsa ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito nthawi yaitali. Zomwe zapezazi zithanso kukhala zopindulitsa makamaka pakulinganiza kuyika kwa mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso mu gridi panthawi yamphamvu kwambiri.
Zimafunika mgwirizano wa gridi yamagetsi ndi njira yothetsera msika.
Pamlingo waukadaulo, njira yamagalimoto amagetsi obwerera ku gridi yamagetsi idzawonjezera zovuta zantchito yonse.
Xi Guofu, mkulu wa Industrial Development Department of State Grid Corporation ya China, adanenapo kuti kulipira magalimoto atsopano amphamvu kumaphatikizapo "kulemera kwakukulu ndi mphamvu zochepa". Eni ake ambiri amagetsi atsopano amazolowera kulipiritsa pakati pa 19:00 ndi 23:00, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi nthawi yayikulu yamagetsi okhalamo. Kufikira 85%, zomwe zimakulitsa mphamvu yamphamvu kwambiri ndipo zimabweretsa kukhudzidwa kwakukulu pamagulu ogawa.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro othandiza, magalimoto amagetsi akamabwezera mphamvu yamagetsi ku gridi, thiransifoma imayenera kusintha ma voliyumu kuti zitsimikizire kuti zimagwirizana ndi gululi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti njira yoyendetsera galimoto yamagetsi iyenera kufanana ndi teknoloji ya transformer ya gridi yamagetsi. Makamaka, kutumiza mphamvu kuchokera pa mulu wothamangitsa kupita ku tramu kumaphatikizapo kutumiza mphamvu yamagetsi kuchokera kumagetsi apamwamba kupita ku voteji yotsika, pomwe kutumiza mphamvu kuchokera ku tramu kupita ku mulu wothamangitsa (ndipo motero kupita ku gridi) kumafuna kuwonjezeka kuchokera ku voteji yotsika kupita kumagetsi apamwamba. Zaukadaulo Ndizovuta kwambiri, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kutembenuka kwamagetsi ndikuwonetsetsa kukhazikika kwa mphamvu yamagetsi ndikutsata miyezo ya grid.
Woyang'anira malo opangira magetsi omwe tawatchulawa adanenanso kuti gululi lamagetsi liyenera kuyendetsa bwino mphamvu zamagetsi pakulipiritsa ndi kutulutsa magalimoto ambiri amagetsi, zomwe sizongovuta zaukadaulo, komanso kukonzanso njira yoyendetsera grid. .
Iye anati: “Mwachitsanzo, m’madera ena, mawaya a magetsi amene alipo panopa sali okhuthala moti n’kutha kunyamula milu yambiri yolipiritsa. Izi zikufanana ndi dongosolo la mapaipi amadzi. Chitoliro chachikulu sichingathe kupereka madzi okwanira ku mapaipi onse anthambi ndipo ikufunika kuyimitsidwanso. Izi zimafuna kukonzanso kwambiri. Ndalama zomanga zimakwera.” Ngakhale milu yolipiritsa itayikidwa kwinakwake, mwina sangagwire bwino ntchito chifukwa cha zovuta zama grid.
Zochita zolimbitsa thupi ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa. Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu ya milu yothamangitsa pang'onopang'ono nthawi zambiri imakhala 7 kilowatts (7KW), pomwe mphamvu yonse ya zida zapakhomo mnyumba wamba ndi pafupifupi 3 kilowatts (3KW). Ngati milu imodzi kapena ziwiri zolipiritsa zilumikizidwa, katunduyo amatha kunyamulidwa mokwanira, ndipo ngakhale mphamvu itagwiritsidwa ntchito pamaola ocheperako, gululi lamagetsi limatha kukhazikika. Komabe, ngati milu yambiri yolipiritsa ilumikizidwa ndipo mphamvu imagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yapamwamba, mphamvu yolemetsa ya gridi imatha kupitilira.
Munthu amene amayang'anira malo opangira magetsi omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa adanena kuti poyembekezera mphamvu zogawidwa, malonda a magetsi akhoza kufufuzidwa kuti athetse vuto la kulimbikitsa kulipiritsa ndi kutulutsa magalimoto atsopano ku gridi yamagetsi m'tsogolomu. Pakadali pano, mphamvu zamagetsi zimagulitsidwa ndi makampani opanga magetsi kumakampani opanga magetsi, omwe amawagawira kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ndi mabizinesi. Kuzungulira kwamagawo angapo kumawonjezera mtengo wamagetsi onse. Ngati ogwiritsa ntchito ndi mabizinesi atha kugula magetsi mwachindunji kumakampani opanga magetsi, zipangitsa kuti magetsi azisavuta. “Kugula mwachindunji kungachepetse maulalo apakatikati, motero kumachepetsa mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito magetsi. Zitha kulimbikitsanso makampani opangira milu kuti atenge nawo gawo mwachangu pakupanga magetsi ndi kuwongolera ma gridi yamagetsi, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito bwino kwa msika wamagetsi komanso kupititsa patsogolo ukadaulo wolumikizana ndi ma gridi yamagalimoto. “
Qin Jianze, mkulu wa Energy Service Center (Load Control Center) ya State Grid Smart Internet of Vehicles Technology Co., Ltd., adanena kuti pogwiritsira ntchito ntchito ndi ubwino wa nsanja ya Internet of Vehicles, milu yolipiritsa katundu ikhoza kulumikizidwa. ku nsanja ya Internet of Vehicles kuti muchepetse magwiridwe antchito a anthu ogwira nawo ntchito. Mangani poyambira, kuchepetsa ndalama zogulira, kwaniritsani mgwirizano wopambana ndi nsanja ya Internet of Vehicles, ndikupanga chilengedwe chokhazikika chamakampani.
Susie
Malingaliro a kampani Sichuan Green Science & Technology Ltd., Co.
0086 19302815938
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-10-2024
