Nyengo ya pambuyo pa mliri yabweretsa chiwopsezo chatsopano chamafuta oyendera. Kutengera dziko lonse lapansi, madera otulutsa mpweya wochuluka monga zandege ndi zombo zapamadzi akuwona kuti mafuta a biofuel ndi imodzi mwamafuta ofunikira kwambiri ochotsa carbon mumsika wamayendedwe. Kodi ukadaulo wa biofuel uli bwanji pano? Kodi ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito bwanji madera omwe ndi ovuta kutulutsa mpweya? Kodi mfundo za mayiko otukuka ndi zotani?
Kukula kwapachaka kwa zotulutsa kuyenera kufulumizitsa
Mpaka pano, bioethanol ndi biodiesel akadali mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Bioethanol akadali ndi udindo waukulu mu biofuels padziko lonse. Iwo sangakhoze kutumikira monga zongowonjezwdwa ndi zisathe madzi mafuta kuchepetsa kumwa mafuta, komanso angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati Zosiyanasiyana zopangira ndi solvents mu makampani mankhwala.
Bungwe la International Energy Agency (IEA) linanena mu lipoti la "Renewable Energy 2023" kuti ngati cholinga cha Net-zero chomwe chikuyembekezeka pofika chaka cha 2050 chikwaniritsidwe, kupanga mafuta padziko lonse lapansi kuyenera kuwonjezeka ndi 11% pachaka kuyambira pano mpaka 2030. . Zikuyembekezeka kuti pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2030, mafuta otayira m'khitchini, zinyalala za chakudya ndi udzu wa mbewu zizikhala ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri lamafuta opangira mafuta, kufika 40%.
IEA inanena kuti kukula kwaposachedwa kwa kupanga mafuta a biofuel sikungathandize kukwaniritsa cholinga cha zero mu 2050. Kuchokera ku 2018 mpaka 2022, chiwerengero cha kukula kwapachaka cha kupanga biofuel padziko lonse ndi 4%. Pofika mchaka cha 2050, kuchuluka kwa mafuta ogwiritsidwa ntchito pazachilengedwe m'magawo a ndege, panyanja ndi misewu ikuluikulu adzafunika kufika 33%, 19% ndi 3%.
IEA ikuyembekeza kuti kufunika kwa biofuel padziko lonse kudzakula ndi malita 35 biliyoni pachaka pakati pa 2022 ndi 2027. Pakati pawo, kukula kwa dizilo zongowonjezwdwa ndi bio-jet mafuta pafupifupi kwathunthu kuchokera chuma otukuka; kukula kwa bioethanol ndi biodiesel mowa pafupifupi kotheratu kuchokera osauka chuma.
Pakati pa 2022 ndi 2027, gawo la biofuel mu gawo lamafuta oyendera padziko lonse lapansi likwera kuchoka pa 4.3% mpaka 5.4%. Pofika chaka cha 2027, mafuta amtundu wa bio-jet padziko lonse lapansi akuyembekezeka kukwera mpaka malita 3.9 biliyoni pachaka, kuwirikiza 37 kuposa mu 2021, zomwe zikuwerengera pafupifupi 1% yamafuta onse oyendetsa ndege.
Mafuta othandiza kwambiri oyendetsa decarbonizing
Ndizovuta kwambiri kutulutsa mpweya m'makampani oyendera. IEA ikukhulupirira kuti pakanthawi kochepa mpaka pakati, ma biofuel ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri pakuchepetsa mpweya. Kupanga kwamafuta okhazikika padziko lonse lapansi kuyenera kuwirikiza katatu kuyambira pano mpaka 2030 kuti akwaniritse cholinga chochotsa mpweya wopanda ziro kuchokera kumayendedwe pofika 2050.
Pali mgwirizano waukulu wamakampani kuti biofuel imapereka njira yotsika mtengo yochepetsera kutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha kuchokera m'gawo lamayendedwe pazaka makumi zikubwerazi. M'malo mwake, kugwirizanitsa ndi zida zamafuta zomwe zilipo kale kumapangitsa kuti ma biofuel akhale njira yabwino yosinthira mafuta oyambira muzombo zomwe zilipo kale.
Ngakhale kuti magalimoto amagetsi akukula mofulumira, kusiyana kwa zinthu zomwe zimafunikira pakupanga mabatire akuluakulu komanso kuvutikira pakuyika zida zolipiritsa m'malo osatukuka kumabweretsabe zovuta kuti atengeredwe kwambiri. Panthawi yapakati mpaka nthawi yayitali, pamene gawo la zoyendera likukhala ndi magetsi, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a biofuel kudzasunthira kumadera omwe ndi ovuta kuyika magetsi, monga ndege ndi nyanja.
"Mafule amadzimadzi monga bioethanol ndi biodiesel amatha kulowa m'malo mwa mafuta ndi dizilo, kupereka njira zina zokhwima komanso zowopsa pamsika womwe umayendetsedwa ndi magalimoto oyaka mkati," adatero Heitor Cantarella, katswiri pa Agricultural Research Institute of Campinas ku Brazil.
dziko langa likufulumizitsanso kutumiza mafuta a biofuel m'malo oyendetsa. Mu 2023, mafuta a parafini m'dziko langa adzakhala pafupifupi matani 38.83 miliyoni, ndi mpweya wa carbon womwe umaposa matani 123 miliyoni, zomwe zimapangitsa pafupifupi 1% ya mpweya wonse wa carbon. Pankhani ya "double carbon", mafuta oyendetsa ndege ndi njira yotheka kwambiri yochepetsera mpweya wa carbon mu makampani oyendetsa ndege.
Mo Dingge, Wapampando ndi Mlembi Wachipani cha Sinopec Ningbo Zhenhai Refining and Chemical Co., Ltd., posachedwapa adapereka malingaliro oyenera omanga makina oyendetsera mafuta oyendetsa ndege omwe akugwirizana ndi zenizeni zaku China: kufulumizitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwazinthu zazikulu komanso zoyenera. dongosolo la zopangira zamoyo zopangira zinthu monga mafuta otayira ndi mafuta; dongosolo ladziko langa lodziyimira pawokha komanso lokhazikika la ziphaso zokhazikika komanso njira zotsogola zamafakitale zothandizira zimalimbikitsa chitukuko chabwino chamakampani amafuta oyendetsa ndege.
United States ndi Europe amapereka zokonda za mfundo
Pakati pa mayiko otukuka, dziko la United States likugwira ntchito molimbika kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha biofuel. Akuti dziko la United States lapereka ndalama zokwana US$9.7 biliyoni kumakampani opanga mafuta a biofuel kudzera mu Inflation Reduction Act.
M'mwezi wa February, bungwe la US Environmental Protection Agency ndi US Department of Energy pamodzi adalengeza kuti ndalama zoperekedwa pansi pa Inflation Reduction Act ziziyikidwa patsogolo kuti zigawidwe kumakampani omwe ali ndi projekiti yaukadaulo ya biofuel kuti apititse patsogolo magwiridwe antchito komanso kuchepetsa mtengo wamafuta amafuta. ukadaulo wopanga.
Joseph Goffman, wogwira ntchito mu Ofesi ya Air and Radiation ya EPA, adati: "Kusunthaku kwakonzedwa kuti kulimbikitse luso laukadaulo wopangira mafuta ochulukirapo." Jeff Marootian, wachiwiri kwa mlembi wamkulu wothandizira mphamvu zamagetsi ndi mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa ku US Department of Energy, adati: "Kuyika ndalama muukadaulo wamafuta achilengedwe, kukwaniritsa kufunikira kwamafuta okhazikika oyendetsa ndege ndi mafuta ena otsika mpweya."
Mayiko ena omwe ali m'bungwe la EU akukhulupirira kuti mafuta opangira mafuta akuyenera kuphatikizidwa muzakudya zamafuta a carbon-neutral za EU kuti awonetsetse kuthekera kwamakampani kukopa ndalama.
European Court of Auditors yati EU ilibe njira yayitali yopangira mafuta amafuta, zomwe zitha kufooketsa zolinga za decarbonisation. M'malo mwake, malingaliro a EU pamafuta amafuta akhala akugwedezeka. M'mbuyomu cholinga chake chinali kukulitsa kuchuluka kwamafuta amafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamayendedwe apamsewu mpaka 10% pofika 2020, koma adasiya cholinga ichi. Pakali pano, EU ikuzindikira kuti mafuta achilengedwe ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu mu kayendetsedwe ka ndege, zombo ndi madera ena, ndipo akuyambiranso kudalira chitukuko.
Nikolaos Milionis, wogwira ntchito ku European Court of Auditors, adavomereza kuti ndondomeko ya EU ya biofuel ndi yovuta ndipo yasintha kawirikawiri m'zaka 20 zapitazi. "Ma biofuel atha kuthandizira ku cholinga cha EU kuti asatengeke ndi mpweya komanso kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo chawo champhamvu, komabe padakali pano kusowa kwa mapulani omveka bwino komanso otsimikizika a chitukuko. Kupanda chitsogozo cha mfundo mosakayikira kukulitsa chiwopsezo cha ndalama ndikuchepetsa kukopa kwamakampani aku Europe amafuta amafuta.
Susie
Malingaliro a kampani Sichuan Green Science & Technology Ltd., Co.
0086 19302815938
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-30-2024
