Ndi Finn Peacock – Chartered Electrical Engineer, yemwe kale anali CSIRO, mwiniwake wa EV, komanso woyambitsa SolarQuotes.com.au
Kaya mukuganiza zogula galimoto yamagetsi, kuyembekezera kutumizidwa, kapena kuyendetsa galimoto yamagetsi, kudziwa momwe amalipiritsira (ndi momwe amalipiritsira) ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa umwini wa galimotoyo.
Mu bukhuli, ndikambirana za mphamvu (kW) ndi mphamvu (kWh). Kudziwa kusiyana n'kofunika! Anthu amasakaniza izi nthawi zonse - ngakhale akatswiri amagetsi omwe ayenera kudziwa bwino.
Galimoto yamagetsi yanthawi zonse imapeza mphamvu ya mafuta pa mtunda wa makilomita 10 kuchokera pa lita imodzi ya mafuta. Galimoto yamagetsi yanthawi zonse imapeza mphamvu ya magetsi pa mtunda wa makilomita 6 kuchokera pa 1 kWh.
Pa galimoto ya petulo, mumafunika malita 10 a mafuta kuti muyende mtunda wa makilomita 100. Pa mtengo wokhazikika wa $1.40 pa lita imodzi ya mafuta, 10 x $1.40 = $14 pa makilomita 100.
Dziwani: Mafuta anali oposa $2 pa lita imodzi panthawi yolemba nkhaniyi - koma ndipitiliza ndi $1.40 kuti ndiwonetse kuti magalimoto amagetsi ndi otsika mtengo kwambiri, ngakhale kuti wolamulira wankhanza waku Russia sanakokomeze mitengo yamafuta.
Mu galimoto yamagetsi, pamafunika magetsi okwana 16 kWh kuti muyende makilomita 100. Ngati wogulitsa magetsi wanu akulipiritsa masenti 21 pa kWh, mtengo wake ndi 16 x $0.21 = $3.36.
Magalimoto amagetsi ndi otsika mtengo kuyendetsa ngati mukuganiza zochaja kuchokera ku ma solar panels kapena kuchaja pamitengo yosakhala yachangu kutengera nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito (ToU). Tiyeni tiwone manambala ena kuti tifotokoze:
Ngati muli ndi bilu yamagetsi ya 21c ndi mtengo wolipirira mphamvu ya dzuwa ya 8c, mtengo wonse wolipirira mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi 8c. Mtengo wake ndi 13c pa kWh kuposa kulipirira galimoto yamagetsi kuchokera pa gridi.
Mitengo yamagetsi yogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi iliyonse imakupatsani mitengo yosiyanasiyana yamagetsi kutengera nthawi ya tsiku yomwe mumapeza kuchokera ku gridi.
Yerekezerani mitengo yosiyanasiyana yamagetsi ya Aurora Energy Tasmania nthawi zosiyanasiyana za tsiku:
Ngati muyika chojambulira chanu cha EV kuti chizigwira ntchito pa pulogalamu ya ToU iyi ndi Aurora kuyambira 10 koloko m'mawa mpaka 4 koloko masana, mtunda wa makilomita 100 udzakuwonongerani 16 x $0.15 = $2.40.
Tsogolo la dongosolo la magetsi ku Australia ndi mitengo ya nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito magetsi, magetsi otsika mtengo kwambiri masana (magetsi ambiri a dzuwa) ndi usiku (nthawi zambiri ndi mphepo yambiri komanso kufunikira kochepa).
Ku South Australia, mumalipira masenti 7.5 pa kilowatt-ola limodzi patsiku panthawi yogwiritsa ntchito yomwe imapereka "siponji ya dzuwa."
Ogulitsa ena amaperekanso mitengo yapadera ya EV komwe mungathe kulipira mtengo wotsika pa kWh iliyonse kuti mulipire EV yanu nthawi zina, kapena mtengo wokhazikika wa tsiku ndi tsiku kuti mulipire mopanda malire.
Chinthu chomaliza - samalani ndi "mitengo yofunikira". Mapulani amagetsi awa amakulipiritsani bilu yotsika yamagetsi yonse, koma angakulowetseni m'mavuto akulu ngati magetsi omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito apitirira malire enaake. Kuchaja magetsi anu a EV ndi charger ya magawo atatu ya 22 kW kungatanthauze kuti mumalipira bilu yanu yamagetsi yokhazikika ka 10!
Chojambulira cha EV chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndi chipangizo chosavuta. Ntchito yake ndi kungofunsa galimotoyo ngati ingalandire chaji iliyonse, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, ipatseni mphamvu galimotoyo mosamala mpaka itauzidwa kuti iyime.
Chochaja cha EV sichingapatse mphamvu galimoto mofulumira kuposa momwe galimotoyo imafunira (zomwe ndi zoopsa), koma ngati muli ndi nzeru, chingasankhe kuchepetsa mphamvu ya chaji kapena kutengera zinthu zina - mwachitsanzo:
Ma charger a EV a kunyumba nawonso ndi AC. Izi zikutanthauza kuti sanachite chilichonse chapadera kwambiri. Amangolamulira ma kilowatts a 230V AC omwe amalowa mgalimoto.
Ndipotu, bokosi lamagetsi lomwe mungagule kuti mulichajire galimoto yanu si charger. Chifukwa limangopereka mphamvu ya AC yolamulidwa. Mwaukadaulo, charger yeniyeni imakhala mgalimoto, kusintha AC kukhala DC ndikusamalira ntchito zina zonse zochajira.
Chojambulira cha EV chomwe chili mkati mwake chili ndi malire a mphamvu yolimba pa kusintha kwake kwa AC-DC. Ma kilowatts 11 ndiye malire a magalimoto ambiri amagetsi - monga Tesla Model 3 ndi Mini Cooper SE.
Kuvomereza kwa Nerd: Ndiyenera kunena kuti chipangizo chomwe mumachiyika mgalimoto yanu ndi EVSE (Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment). Koma zimenezo zidzasokoneza anthu ambiri wamba, kotero poopa kulandira imelo yokwiya kuchokera kwa mainjiniya wopuma pantchito, ndimatcha zipangizozi kuti "chargers."
Ma charger a EV othamanga kwambiri ndi omwe amachaja magetsi a DC mwachindunji mu batire. Saletsedwa ndi charger ya galimoto chifukwa saigwiritsa ntchito.
Ngati galimoto yanu ingathe kuigwira, magalimoto amenewa amatha kuyitanitsa mphamvu yokwana 350 kW ya DC. Dziwani kuti amafunika kuchepetsa liwiro pamene batire yanu ifika pa 70%. Komabe, amatha kuwonjezera makilomita 350 pa mtunda mumphindi 10 zokha.
Makampaniwa agwiritsa ntchito mawu ofotokozera kuyatsa pang'onopang'ono, kwapakatikati komanso mwachangu. Mosasangalatsa, imatchedwa kuyatsa kwa Level 1, Level 2, ndi Level 3.
Chojambulira cha level 1 ndi chingwe ndi njerwa yamagetsi zomwe zimalumikizana ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi wamba. Zimachaja mphamvu ya 1.8 mpaka 2.4 kW kuchokera ku soketi wamba wapakhomo.
Malangizo abwino: Ngati kampani yanu yopanga magalimoto sinakupatseni cholumikizira cha m'manja cha galimoto yanu, onetsetsani kuti mwagula chimodzi ndikuchisunga m'thumba - chingakuthandizeni kusunga nyama yankhumba tsiku lonse ngakhale simunagwiritse ntchito kunyumba.
Kuti tifotokoze tanthauzo la mphamvu ya Level 1 ya 1.8 kW - idzawonjezera 1.8 kWh pa ola limodzi ku batire ya galimoto yanu.
Mphamvu ya 1 kWh mu batire ya EV ndi yofanana ndi kutalika kwa makilomita 6. Chifukwa chake, chojambulira cha level 1 chingapereke kutalika kwa makilomita pafupifupi 10 pa ola limodzi. Ngati mutchaja galimoto usiku wonse (pafupifupi maola 8), mudzawonjezera makilomita pafupifupi 80.
Koma level 1 imatha kuyitanitsa pa liwiro lalikulu. Kutengera ndi wopanga, chipangizo chanu chingakhale ndi mapulagi osinthika.
Ma charger onse a EV onyamulika amabwera ndi ma plug wamba a 10A, monga momwe zilili ndi zida zina zonse m'nyumba mwanu, koma ena amabweranso ndi ma plug osinthika a 15A. Izi zili ndi prong yayikulu pansi ndipo zimafuna soketi yapadera yomwe imatha kugwira mawaya okhuthala pa 15A. Ngati muli ndi caravan, mwina mumawadziwa bwino.
Ma charger ena a m'manja amakhala ndi "mchira" wa 15A. Awa ndi ma tail end a 10A ndi 15A omwe amabwera ndi Tesla mobile charger ku Australia.
Ngati chojambulira chanu chonyamulika chili ndi mphamvu ya 15A kumapeto ndipo mukufuna kuchichaja kunyumba, mudzafunika malo otulutsira 15A pamalo oimika magalimoto anu. Yembekezerani kulipira pafupifupi $500 pa kukhazikitsa kumeneku.
Mfundo Yokhudza Anthu Osadziwa: Ngati magetsi a gridi yanu ali okwera (ayenera kukhala 230V, koma nthawi zambiri 240V+), mudzapeza mphamvu zambiri chifukwa mphamvu = mphamvu yamagetsi x yamagetsi.
Zoona zabwino: Kutengera wopanga, ma charger a m'manja nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malire a 80% ya mphamvu yawo yovomerezeka. Chifukwa chake charger ya 10A imatha kugwira ntchito pa 8A yokha, ndipo chipangizo cha 15A chimatha kugwira ntchito pa 12A yokha. Kuphatikiza ndi kusinthasintha kwa magetsi a gridi, zikutanthauza kuti sindingathe kupereka liwiro lolondola la EV pa cholumikizira cham'manja.
Zoona za Tesla Nerd: Ma charger a Tesla omwe atumizidwa pambuyo pa Novembala 2021 amatha kuyatsa pa 10A yonse kapena 15A, kutengera mchira womwe wagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Malangizo a akatswiri: Ngati muli ndi Tesla yaposachedwa ndipo muli ndi mwayi wokhala ndi soketi ya magawo atatu mu garaja, mutha kugula cholumikizira chachitatu chomwe chingagule mphamvu ya 4.8 mpaka 7kW (20 mpaka 32A) pogwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira cham'manja.
Liwiro Lochaja: Pafupifupi 40 km/h (gawo limodzi) kapena mpaka 130 km/h (gawo la magawo atatu)
Kuchaja kwa gawo lachiwiri kumafuna chochaja chapadera cha khoma chokhala ndi waya wake wokha wobwerera ku chingwe chanu chamagetsi.
Ma charger a Level 2 amawononga $900 mpaka $2500 pa hardware ndipo pafupifupi $500 mpaka $1000 kuti ayike. Mtengo uwu umaganiziranso kuti chingwe chanu chamagetsi ndi mains zimatha kuthana ndi katundu wowonjezera. Ngati sangathe, kukweza mphamvu yanu kungawononge ndalama zambiri.
Chojambulira cha gawo limodzi cha 7 kW Level 2 chingawonjezere makilomita 40 pa ola limodzi. Ngati galimoto yanu ingathe kuigwiritsa ntchito, chojambulira cha 22 kW EV cha magawo atatu chidzawonjezera makilomita 130 pa ola limodzi.
Mfundo Yokhudza Kuchaja: Ngakhale kuti ma charger a magawo atatu, level-2 amatha kuyika mphamvu mpaka 22 kW, magalimoto ambiri sangasinthe mphamvu ya AC mwachangu chonchi. Yang'anani specs ya galimoto yanu kuti muwone kuchuluka kwake kwakukulu kwa AC.
Chojambulira ichi ndi cha DC kwathunthu ndipo chimatulutsa mphamvu kuyambira 50 kW mpaka 350 kW. Chimawononga ndalama zoposa $100,000 kuti chiyikidwe ndipo chimafuna magetsi ambiri, kotero simungathe kuyika chimodzi m'nyumba mwanu.
Netiweki ya Tesla Supercharger ndi chitsanzo chodziwika bwino cha charger ya Level 3. Supercharger yodziwika bwino ya "V2″ ili ndi mphamvu yokwanira ya 120 kW ndipo imatha kuyenda makilomita 180 mumphindi 15.
Netiweki ya Tesla ya malo ojambulira magalimoto a Supercharger imawapatsa mwayi wopikisana ndi opanga magalimoto ena amagetsi chifukwa cha malo awo panjira zodziwika bwino zoyendera, kudalirika/nthawi yogwira ntchito, komanso kuchuluka kwa magalimoto poyerekeza ndi ma charger ena a Level 3.
Komabe, pamene magalimoto amagetsi akuchulukirachulukira, maukonde ena opikisana akuyembekezeka kubuka mdziko lonselo ndikuwonjezera kudalirika kwawo.
Zoona za Tesla Nerd: Ma "V2" Tesla Supercharger" aku Australia amachajidwa mwachangu ndi DC, nthawi zambiri amachajidwa pa 40-100 kW, kutengera kuchuluka kwa magalimoto ena omwe akugwiritsa ntchito nthawi imodzi. Ma "V3" supercharger" angapo atsopano ku Australia amatha kuchajidwa mpaka 250 kW.
Langizo Labwino: Samalani ndi ma AC charger oyenda pang'onopang'ono paulendo wapamsewu. Ma charger ena a m'mbali mwa msewu ndi a AC oyenda pang'onopang'ono omwe amatha kungochaja kuyambira 3 mpaka 22 kW. Izi zimatha kuwonjezera mphamvu pang'ono mukayimitsa galimoto, koma sizithamanga mokwanira kuti zichajidwe mosavuta paulendo.
Magalimoto onse amagetsi omwe agulitsidwa ku Australia kuyambira pa 1 Januwale 2020 ali ndi soketi yochapira ya AC yotchedwa 'Type 2' (kapena nthawi zina 'Mennekes').
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-02-2022
