Ndi Zipangizo Ziti Zomwe Zimagwira Ntchito pa DC Yokha? Buku Lophunzitsira la Zipangizo Zamagetsi Zogwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Molunjika

M'dziko lathu lomwe likukula magetsi, kumvetsetsa kusiyana pakati pa mphamvu ya alternating current (AC) ndi mphamvu ya direct current (DC) sikunakhalepo kofunika kwambiri kuposa apa. Ngakhale magetsi ambiri apakhomo amabwera ngati AC, zida zamakono zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya DC yokha. Buku lotsogolerali latsatanetsatane likufotokoza chilengedwe cha zida za DC zokha, kufotokoza chifukwa chake zimafunikira mphamvu ya direct current, momwe zimalandirira, komanso zomwe zimawasiyanitsa kwambiri ndi zida zoyendetsedwa ndi AC.

Kumvetsetsa DC vs AC Power

Kusiyana Koyamba

Chifukwa Chake Zipangizo Zina Zimangogwira Ntchito pa DC

1. Chilengedwe cha SemiconductorZamagetsi zamakono zimadalira ma transistors omwe amafuna mphamvu yokhazikika
2. Kuzindikira kwa Polarity: Zigawo monga ma LED zimangogwira ntchito ndi +/- yolondola
3. Kugwirizana kwa Batri: DC ikugwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a batri
4. Zofunikira Zolondola: Ma circuit a digito amafunika mphamvu yopanda phokoso

Magulu a Zipangizo za DC-Okha

1. Zamagetsi Zonyamulika

Zipangizozi zomwe zimapezeka paliponse zikuyimira gulu lalikulu kwambiri la zida za DC zokha:

• Mafoni ndi Mapiritsi
  • Gwiritsani ntchito pa 3.7-12V DC
  • Muyezo Wotumizira Mphamvu ya USB: 5/9/12/15/20V DC
  • Ma charger amasintha AC kukhala DC (amawoneka pa "zotulutsa" specs)
• Malaputopu ndi Mabuku Olembera
  • Kawirikawiri ntchito ya 12-20V DC
  • Njerwa zamagetsi zimasintha AC-DC
  • Kuchaja kwa USB-C: 5-48V DC
• Makamera a Digito
  • 3.7-7.4V DC kuchokera ku mabatire a lithiamu
  • Masensa azithunzi amafuna mphamvu yokhazikika

Chitsanzo: iPhone 15 Pro imagwiritsa ntchito 5V DC nthawi yanthawi zonse, ndipo imalandira 9V DC kwakanthawi kochepa ikadzayidwa mwachangu.

2. Zamagetsi Zamagetsi Zamagalimoto

Magalimoto amakono ndi makina amphamvu a DC:

• Machitidwe Osangalatsa a Zosangalatsa
  • Ntchito ya 12V/24V DC
  • Zowonera pa intaneti, mayunitsi oyendera
• Ma ECU (Mayunitsi Owongolera Injini)
  • Makompyuta a magalimoto ovuta
  • Imafuna mphamvu ya DC yoyera
• Kuwala kwa LED
  • Nyali zapatsogolo, nyali zamkati
  • Kawirikawiri 9-36V DC

Chochititsa chidwi: Magalimoto amagetsi ali ndi ma DC-DC converter kuti achepetse mphamvu ya batri ya 400V kukhala 12V pazinthu zowonjezera.

3. Machitidwe a Mphamvu Zongowonjezedwanso

Kukhazikitsa kwa dzuwa kumadalira kwambiri DC:

• Mapanelo a Dzuwa
  • Pangani magetsi a DC mwachilengedwe
  • Gulu lodziwika bwino: 30-45V DC lotseguka dera
• Mabanki a Batri
  • Sungani mphamvu ngati DC
  • Asidi wotsogolera: 12/24/48V DC
  • Lithiamu-ion: 36-400V+ DC
• Olamulira Olipiritsa
  • Mitundu ya MPPT/PWM
  • Sinthani kusintha kwa DC-DC

4. Zipangizo Zolumikizirana

Zomangamanga za netiweki zimadalira kudalirika kwa DC:

• Zamagetsi Zam'manja Zam'manja
  • Kawirikawiri -48V DC muyezo
  • Makina osungira mabatire
• Malo Opangira Ma Fiber Optic
  • Madalaivala a laser amafuna DC
  • Nthawi zambiri 12V kapena 24V DC
• Maswichi a Netiweki/Ma Router
  • Zipangizo za malo osungira deta
  • Mashelufu amagetsi a 12V/48V DC

5. Zipangizo Zachipatala

Zipangizo zosamalira odwala nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito DC:

• Oyang'anira Odwala
  • ECG, makina a EEG
  • Mukufuna chitetezo cha phokoso lamagetsi
• Kuzindikira Zinthu Zosavuta
  • Zoskanira za Ultrasound
  • Zoyezera magazi
• Zipangizo Zobzalidwa
  • Opanga Mphamvu Yoletsa Kupanikizika
  • Zolimbikitsa ubongo

Chidziwitso cha Chitetezo: Makina a DC achipatala nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito magetsi okhaokha kuti ateteze odwala.

6. Machitidwe Olamulira Mafakitale

Makina oyendetsera fakitale amadalira DC:

• Ma PLC (Olamulira a Logic Otha Kukonzedwa)
  • Muyezo wa 24V DC
  • Ntchito yolimbana ndi phokoso
• Masensa ndi Zoyeserera
  • Masensa oyandikira
  • Ma valve a Solenoid
• Maloboti
  • Owongolera magalimoto a Servo
  • Kawirikawiri makina a 48V DC

Chifukwa Chake Zipangizozi Sizingagwiritse Ntchito AC

Zolepheretsa Zaukadaulo

1. Kuwonongeka kwa Polarity Reverse
   • Ma diode, ma transistors amalephera ndi AC
   • Chitsanzo: Ma LED amatha kung'anima/kuphulika
2. Kusokonezeka kwa Dera la Nthawi
   • Mawotchi a digito amadalira kukhazikika kwa DC
   • AC ingabwezeretse ma microprocessor
3. Kupanga Kutentha
   • AC imayambitsa kutayika kwa capacitive/inductive
   • DC imapereka mphamvu yotumizira bwino

Zofunikira pa Magwiridwe Antchito

Kusintha Mphamvu kwa Zipangizo za DC

Njira Zosinthira AC-to-DC

1. Ma Adaputala a Khoma
   • Zofala pa zamagetsi ang'onoang'ono
   • Muli chowongolera, chowongolera
2. Mphamvu Zamkati
   • Makompyuta, ma TV
   • Mapangidwe a switched-mode
3. Machitidwe a Magalimoto
   • Chosinthira + chowongolera
   • Kusamalira batire ya EV

Kusintha kwa DC kukhala DC

Nthawi zambiri amafunika kuti agwirizane ndi ma voltages:

• Zosinthira za Buck(Tsitsani pansi)
• Otembenuza Owonjezera(Kukwera mmwamba)
• Buck-Boost(Maupangiri onse awiri)

Chitsanzo: Chojambulira cha laputopu cha USB-C chingasinthe 120V AC → 20V DC → 12V/5V DC ngati pakufunika.

Ukadaulo Wotsogola Wogwiritsa Ntchito DC

1. DC Microgrids

• Nyumba zamakono zikuyamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito
• Zimaphatikiza mphamvu ya dzuwa, mabatire, ndi zida za DC

2. Kutumiza Mphamvu ya USB

• Kukulitsa mphamvu mpaka mphamvu yapamwamba
• Muyezo wamtsogolo wa nyumba

3. Zachilengedwe za Magalimoto Amagetsi

• Kusamutsa DC kwa V2H (Kuchokera Kunyumba)
• Kuchaja mbali zonse ziwiri

Kuzindikira Zipangizo za DC-Okha

Kutanthauzira kwa Chizindikiro

Yang'anani:

• Zizindikiro za "DC Only"
• Zizindikiro za polarity (+/-)
• Zizindikiro za voteji popanda ~ kapena ⎓

Zitsanzo Zolowera Mphamvu

1. Cholumikizira cha mbiya
   • Zofala pa ma routers, ma monitors
   • Nkhani zabwino/zoipa pakati
2. Madoko a USB
   • Mphamvu ya DC nthawi zonse
   • Mphamvu ya 5V (mpaka 48V yokhala ndi PD)
3. Ma Blocks a Terminal
   • Zipangizo zamafakitale
   • Yolembedwa bwino +/-

Zinthu Zofunika Kuganizira Pachitetezo

Zoopsa Zapadera za DC

1. Kusamalira Arc
   • Ma arc a DC samadzimitsa okha ngati AC
   • Ma breakers apadera amafunika
2. Zolakwa za Polarity
   • Kulumikiza kumbuyo kungawononge zipangizo
   • Yang'ananinso musanalumikizane
3. Zoopsa za Batri
   • Magwero a DC amatha kupereka mphamvu zambiri
   • Ngozi za moto wa batri ya lithiamu

Malingaliro Akale

"Nkhondo ya Mitsinje" pakati pa Edison (DC) ndi Tesla/Westinghouse (AC) pamapeto pake idawona AC ikupambana pa kutumiza, koma DC yabwerera m'malo mwake mu gawo la chipangizocho:

• 1880s: Ma gridi oyamba amagetsi a DC
• Zaka za m'ma 1950: Kusintha kwa semiconductor kumakonda DC
• Zaka za m'ma 2000: Nthawi ya digito imapangitsa DC kukhala yolamulira

Tsogolo la DC Power

Zochitika zikusonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito DC kukukula:

• Zogwira ntchito bwino pa zamagetsi zamakono
• Mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa zomwe zimachokera ku DC
• Malo osungira deta omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kugawa kwa 380V DC
• Kuthekera kwa chitukuko cha miyezo ya DC ya mabanja

Mapeto: Dziko Lolamulira la DC

Ngakhale kuti AC yapambana nkhondo yotumizira magetsi, DC yapambana nkhondo yogwiritsira ntchito chipangizocho. Kuyambira foni yam'manja yomwe ili m'thumba mwanu mpaka ma solar panels omwe ali padenga lanu, magetsi olunjika amalimbitsa ukadaulo wathu wofunikira kwambiri. Kumvetsetsa zida zomwe zimafunikira DC kumathandiza ndi:

• Kusankha zida zoyenera
• Zosankha zamagetsi zotetezeka
• Kukonzekera mphamvu zapakhomo mtsogolo
• Kuthetsa mavuto aukadaulo

Pamene tikupita patsogolo ku mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso ndi magetsi, kufunika kwa DC kudzangokulirakulira. Zipangizo zomwe zafotokozedwa pano zikuyimira chiyambi chabe cha tsogolo loyendetsedwa ndi DC lomwe likulonjeza kugwira ntchito bwino komanso njira zamagetsi zosavuta.